行为主义的心理咨询
行为主义的心理咨询Behavioral psychological counseling
行为主义的心理咨询是以学习理论和行为疗法理论为依据的心理咨询，认为人的问题行为、症状是由错误的认知与学习所导致的，主张把心理咨询的着眼点放在来访者当前的行为问题上，注重当前某一特殊行为问题的学习和解决、以促进问题行为的改变、消失或新的行为的获得。行为主义的创始人是华生，但对心理咨询产生较大影响的却是巴甫洛夫的经典条件反射、斯金纳的操作条件反射和班杜拉的社会学习理论。
Behavioral psychological counseling is based on learning theory and behavioral therapy theory, believing that a person's problematic behavior and symptoms are caused by incorrect cognition and learning. It advocates that the focus of psychological counseling should be on the current behavioral problem of the visitor, emphasizing the learning and resolution of a specific behavioral problem, in order to promote the change, disappearance, or acquisition of new behaviors. The founder of behaviorism was Watson, but it was Pavlov's classical conditioning, Skinner's operant conditioning, and Bandura's social learning theory that had a significant impact on psychological counseling.
巴甫洛夫用狗做实验，当狗吃食物时会引起唾液分泌，这是无条件反射。如果给狗以铃声不会引起唾液分泌，但是如果给狗以铃声时即喂食，这样结合多次后，单独听到铃声狗也会分泌唾液。原来与唾液分泌无关的刺激物——铃声，变成了引起唾液分泌这种无条件反射的无条件刺激物——食物信号，转化为信号刺激物，引起唾液分泌。如果形成的条件反射不予强型槽模具 一次性止血带 保定水处理设备 一次性止血带 保定空压机 北京真空泵化和保持，就会产生条件反射的消退。对于在无意识中的条件反射所形成的不良习惯、心理问题、心身障碍等，在咨询时可以使用反条件刺激予以清除和击退。
Pavlov conducted experiments with dogs, and when dogs eat food, it causes saliva secretion, which is an unconditional reflex. If a dog is given a bell, it will not cause saliva secretion, but if it is given a bell and fed immediately, after multiple combinations, the dog will also secrete saliva when it hears the bell alone. The stimulus that was originally unrelated to saliva secretion, the bell, has become an unconditional stimulus that triggers the unconditional reflex of saliva secretion - the food signal, which is converted into a signal stimulus and causes saliva secretion. If the formed conditioned reflex is not strengthened and maintained, it will result in the extinction of the conditioned reflex. For bad habits, psychological problems, and psychosomatic disorders formed by unconscious conditioned reflexes, counter conditioned stimuli can be used to clear and repel them during consultation.
